The planet’s average temperature has risen 1.2 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century, and the fingerprints of human activity are unmistakable. When Dr. Sarah Chen, lead climate scientist at the Global Carbon Project, analyzed ice core data spanning 800,000 years in 2025, she found something striking: current atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 425 parts per million dwarf anything in that entire geological record. The difference? Industrial civilization.
Understanding what drives climate change isn’t abstract science anymore. It’s the foundation for every energy policy decision, every infrastructure investment, …